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四力——索达吉堪布
$ f$ j4 P$ s5 q3 c8 F我们知道藏传佛教无论格鲁派还是宁玛派等其他教派,忏悔时都依四对治力。修习汉传佛
4 z7 V8 B ]4 F$ m' J4 t# ~/ z+ y教的有些人却以为这是藏地修法,没有必要采用,这种见解实为井蛙之见。
" P- I! Y+ N. n' b' EIt is well known that in Gelugpa, Nyingmapa, or other schools of Tibetan Buddhism, every O O1 y) _4 C o" F7 `
purification practice relies on the four powers of antidote. Some Han Buddhist practitioners,
8 D: ^7 L) D* W, Hhowever, consider it a mere Tibetan tradition and hence neglect it. Such a viewpoint misses the , R. H$ a8 E+ c% P
big picture." S/ L9 k+ }# S$ I) g( m" T
其实,这也是藏传佛教将佛经窍诀灵活应用于修法的具体体现。四对治力在《大藏经》的
" Q/ N; S* ~5 U# B* V6 s% J经论中多有记载。如《宣说四法经》云:“弥勒,菩萨若具四法,则能压制所造所积之一切
4 d1 ?. j, h( N1 {9 }* v8 Z罪。何为四法?厌患对治力、现行对治力、返回对治力、所依对治力。厌患对治力即若行
/ ^ m: e8 p( N) _( L0 z不善业则多生悔心;现行对治力即虽作不善业但也极为精勤行善;返回对治力即真实受戒
# v, g1 k& x# Y( s+ }, a后获得不再就犯之戒;所依对治力即皈依佛、法、僧三宝与不舍菩提心。”
8 \) v8 k+ \/ C# v# N- qIn fact, this practice epitomizes how Tibetan Buddhism aptly applies Buddha’s pith instructions.
1 O, v8 I( a; j# |: @8 \5 EIn the Chinese Buddhist canon Tripitaka, there are many accounts of the four powers in sutras
( U3 n5 v3 F3 U8 Z/ Gand shastras. For instance, the Sutra Teaching the Four Dharmas says: “Maitreya, if a Bodhisattva ) o C; H, U! `4 W: @+ Z
possesses these four Dharmas, all the evil deeds which have been performed and accumulated 6 r0 Z" d! F7 Z( ?& v; d
will be overcome. What are these four? They are: the power of regret, the power of action, the . b2 F# v$ u* T* i+ g6 |9 x
power of resolution, and the power of support. As for the power of regret, if we have done / O) h) K9 t9 A, a
negative actions, we repent them strongly. As for the power of action, it is the remediation of # ]' j1 M, J4 n: V' C V* w0 o
our evil deeds; we strive to do wholesome actions. As for the power of resolution, we make
( J" {/ |- Q$ K2 W- @9 \genuine vows never to repeat the same evil deeds again. As for the power of support, we go for 2 M3 o$ { A: A8 [( l7 J
refuge in the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha, and always uphold bodhichitta.”/ H% }1 ]: H7 F J6 | ^
不仅仅是四对治力,包括金刚萨埵心咒,也不是藏传佛教特有的忏悔咒,在《三猛厉调服/ C, D% M) C( \8 m; x3 {
经》中对此也有详细记载。& }! d$ w2 L# v2 f( z- w
Thus the four powers of antidote are not exclusively found in Tibetan Buddhism. Moreover, the $ l& y/ j3 _- `- F# o: v
recitation of the Vajrasattva mantra has been described in detail in the Sutra of Three Wrathful ' k) Q4 l7 p; l. S7 P, [% M
Ways of Taming as well.
4 u0 n5 R. E9 R( o5 L现在的众生往往只知道造作恶业,具足智慧而厉行忏悔的人却微乎其微。《弥勒狮吼请问0 J: e3 N) j# K# I3 Q( {. M
经》云:“愚人造恶业,不知忏悔罪,智者忏悔罪,不与业同住。”
$ ~# ?4 L, J5 N$ ]People these days are committing non-virtues all the time and hardly anyone bothers to repent
8 W8 B A4 V0 ~3 |. B# fsincerely with wisdom. The Sutra of the Great Lion’s Roar Requested by Maitreya says: “The fool
* f0 x9 _8 F* F! S) Ucommits evil karmas and knows not to confess faults. The wise person purifies faults and " C" b. c `8 Q* K, c- U
dissociates from negative karmas.”3 N A4 W3 A# _) u$ A! E
所以不论是藏传佛教还是汉传佛教,若依四对治力忏悔,即能遣除无量罪障。如果因前世
2 |0 A1 Y7 f, ]* o习气难以更改,不能完全断除杀生、妄语等恶习,但如果能每天诚心念诵金刚萨埵心咒,4 A/ w8 J- l; \/ L
也会有不可思议功德。5 R( M+ ?! B- h/ ?
Therefore, either Tibetan Buddhism or Han Buddhism contains the practice of confession with
$ z3 F! H- n+ F2 `8 B) w4 i5 Ufour antidotes that, if followed properly, will purify innumerable non-virtues. However, someone
* c" ]4 k9 S- A$ n& A- L& e& ?( swith recalcitrant habits from past lives may find it difficult to renounce completely bad
7 d2 t. g' b3 {4 c( e$ G& t! t. ~tendencies such as taking lives or telling lies. In this case, by reciting sincerely the Vajrasattva ) Q! j; Q" q: F' c K% U
mantra every day, one can still accrue incredible merits.
! x0 Z" i" m8 [- q; ?3 r( a0 l& a4 Z但愿人们在散乱之余,不要忘了忏悔。! b0 I2 h9 F- D; a& O
I hope people will not forget the purification practice besides tending to other distractive
n6 y3 y$ @. s% z. w* ~* vactivities!0 p( R9 D7 L: S7 V$ d
壬午年二月初十
- ]0 P, e3 ]2 T% e0 ?2002年3月24日
* z m, o+ X7 K* [$ B* N10th of February, Year of RenWu, c; m6 E6 O4 Y
March 24, 2002
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